![]() ![]() The rural-coastal area comprises the districts of Marowijne, Commewijne, Saramacca, Coronie, and Nickerie ( Figure 1) and is, together with the southern-rural districts of Para, Brokopondo, and Sipaliwini ( Figure 1), home to the remaining 20% of Suriname’s inhabitants. The urban-coastal area comprises Paramaribo and the Wanica district ( Figure 1) and harbors approximately 80% of the population of almost 570,000. Suriname’s land area of roughly 165,000 km 2 can be distinguished into a northern urban-coastal and a rural-coastal area as well as a southern rural interior ( Figure 1). ![]() The insert indicates the location of Suriname in South America. ![]() Map of Suriname depicting the 10 administrative districts. This chapter presents a brief history of Suriname, addresses the ethnopharmacological practices of Maroons and Creoles as well as Hindustanis and Javanese, and concludes with a few remarks on the previsions provided by the country’s rich plant-based traditional medicine. All these groups have made their own specific contribution to Suriname’s traditional medicine, which has resulted in a myriad of remedies against many disorders, mainly employing a variety of plants. These include Indigenous Amerindians, the original inhabitants Maroons, the descendants of runaway slaves who had been shipped from Africa between the seventeenth and the nineteenth century Creoles, a generic term referring to mixed blacks and whites the descendants from indentured workers from China, India, and Java (Indonesia) who arrived between the second half of the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century as well as immigrants from various Middle Eastern, European, Caribbean, and South American countries. The population of almost 570,000 consists of a unique blend of ethnic groups and cultures from all continents. The Republic of Suriname (South America) is located on the Guiana Shield, one of the regions with the highest biodiversity and the largest expanse of undisturbed tropical rain forest in the world. ![]()
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